PUBP/MGT/ISYE 6771A - Dr. Philip Shapira - Fall Quarter 1996, MW 2-3.30 p.m.  DM Smith 304

Mangement of Technology I:
The External Environment

This course examines factors in the firm's external environment essential to managing technology. It considers the technological innovation process in the context of international competitiveness and discusses the various roles of governments. MoT I develops skills in acquiring and interpreting information about the environment to facilitate technology management. Topics considered in the course include industrial competitiveness and technological innovation, roles of government, and understanding the external environment for technological development and management.

Course Objectives and Description | Course Outline | Registration | Assessment
Required Books | Reserve Books Reading Assignments | Electronic Reserves
World Wide Web | Guest Lecturers Course Electronic Mail Group | Communication
Electronic Assignments | Student Notes | Team Project

The Manufacturing Studies Board of the National Academy of Science describes the Management of Technology (MOT) as follows:

• "Management of technology...concerns the process of managing technology development, implementation, and diffusion in industrial or governmental organizations. In addition to managing the innovation process through R&D, it includes managing the introduction and use of technology in products, in manufacturing processes, and in other corporate functions."

This is the first course in a three-course sequence in the Management of Technology. The course examines factors in the external environment which influence how firm's manage technology. It is designed to give you an understanding of how processes of technological innovation occur, what factors in an organization's environment influence those processes, and the relationships between a firm's external environment and its internal management of technology. While the course emphasizes the environment or context in which innovation occurs, it is necessary to examine some intraorganizational processes as well. Thus, there will be an introduction to several of the topics explored in greater depth in MOT II (Managing Resources of the Technological Firm) and MOT III (Strategic Issues in the Management of Technology).

The effective management of technology necessarily involves the diffusion and spread of technology, as well as its development and mastery. Within this perspective, many factors influence how technology is managed as technical elements interact with economic, social, organizational, and policy aspects. While these factors often operate on a global basis, the way in which they are manifested at national and regional levels has a critical bearing on the technological performance of firms and industries. The course will pay particular attention to the influence of national and regional systems in affecting the management of technology.

Registration, Prerequisites and Credit
Maximum number of students in this class is 35. Graduate students may register under PUBP 6771, MGT 6771, OR ISYE 6771. Prerequisites - none. Credit: 3 hours. Advanced undergraduate students may register only with the instructor's permission, up to a maximum of 5 undergraduate students in the class.

A. Introduction

1. Introduction to the course (Wed Oct 9)

B. Technology, Competitiveness and Challenges to Management

1. Technology and competitiveness: the international environment (Mon Oct 14)

2. Basis of advantage in a global economy (We Oct 16)

C. Processes of Technological Innovation

1. Models of technological innovation and development I (Mon Oct 21)

2. Models of technological innovation and development II (Wed Oct 23)

D. Technological Innovation and Industrial Systems

1. Linking research with industry (Mon Oct 28)

2. New high technology firms - the environment for entrepreneurial innovation (Wed Oct 30)

3. Innovation and new industrial structures - the environment for collaborative innovation (Mon Nov 4)

4. Comparative case: Japanese industry and technology strategies (Nov 6)

E. Technology Assessment

1. Different External Elements in Technology Management (Mon Nov 11)
Guest Lecturer: Cary Gravatt, National Institute of Standards and Technology & IAC.

2. Regulatory environment for technology management Wed Nov 13

3. Forecasting innovation (Mon Nov 18)
Guest Lecturer: Alan Porter, Industrial Systems and Engineering and Director, Technology Policy Assessment Center, Georgia Institute of Technology.

F. Technology Management and Public Policy

1. U.S. Technology Policy - National Framework (Wed Nov 20)
Guest Lecturer: Cary Gravatt, National Institute of Standards and Technology & IAC.

2. Innovation to deployment: new U.S. partnerships and international comparisons (Mon Nov 25)

3. Financial Environment for Developing New Technology Ventures (We Nov 27)
Guest Lecturer: Stephen Fleming, General Partner, Alliance Technology Ventures, Atlanta.

F. Class Presentations and Review

1. Team Presentations (Mon Dec 2)

2. Team Presentations (continued) (Wed Dec 4)

3. Team Presentations (continued) and review (Mon Dec 9)

No Class (Wed Dec 11)

Requirements

• Attendance, reading, and participation in class discussion.
• Completion of well-considered and well-written individual assignments on schedule.
• Active participation in team project and team final report

Assessment and Grading

Assessment and grading will be assigned as follows:

Required Books (available in bookstore):

• Edward J. Malecki, Technology and Economic Development, New York, John Wiley, 1991
• Lewis M. Branscomb, Empowering Technology, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1993.
• Michael L. Tushman and William L. Moore (ed), Readings in the Management of Technology, New York, Harper Business, 1988. [Note: while MoT 1 uses some of the readings in this book, the book will also be of value in MoT II and MoT III].

Reserve Books

The following books have been placed on reserve in the main library. Students are recommended to consult these for further study and in preparing their written assignments. You may need to check under different course numbers to obtain the book.

Best, Michael H., The New Competition: Institutions of Industrial Restructuring, Polity Press/Basil Blackwell, Oxford and New York: 1990.

Castells, Manuel (ed), High Technology, Space, and Society, Beverly Hills and London, Sage Publications, 1985.

Castells, Manuel and Peter Hall, Technopoles of the World: The Making of 21st Century Industrial Complexes, NY: Routledge, 1994.

Cohen, Stephen S. and John Zysman, Manufacturing Matters: The Myth of the Post-Industrial Economy, New York: Basic Books, 1987.

Florida, Richard and Martin Kenney, The Breakthrough Illusion: Corporate America's Failure to Move from Mass Innovation to Production, Basic Books, NY, 1990.

Freeman, Christopher, John Clark, and Luc Soete, Unemployment and Technical Innovation, London: Francis Pinter, 1982; also Freeman, Christopher, Long Waves in the World Economy, 1984.

Friedman, David, The Misunderstood Miracle: Industrial Development and Political Change in Japan, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY: 1988.

Harrison, Bennet Lean and Mean: The Changing Landscape of Corporate Power in the Age of Flexibility, New York, Basic Books: 1994.

Komiya, Ryutaro, Masahiro Okuno, and Kotaro Suzumura, Industrial Policy of Japan, Tokyo: Academic Press, 1988.

Mansfield, Edwin, The Economics of Technical Change, New York: Norton, 1968.

Marshall, Alfred, Principles of Economics, London: Macmillan, 1920.

Markusen, Ann, Profit Cycles, Oligopoly, and Regional Development, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1985.

Morris-Suzuki, Tessa, The Technological Transformation of Japan, Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Mogee, Mary Ellen, Technology Policy and Critical Technologies, Manufacturing Forum, Washington, DC: 1991.

Mowery, David C. and Nathan Rosenberg, Technology and the Pursuit of Economic Growth, Cambridge and New York, Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Piore, Michael J. Piore, and Charles F. Sabel, The Second Industrial Divide: Possibilities for Prosperity, New York: Basic Books, 1984.

Reich, Robert B. The Work of Nations, New York: Vintage Books, 1991.

Rosenberg, Nathan, Inside the Black Box: Technology and Economics, 1982.

Rosenfeld, Stuart, Competitive Manufacturing: New Strategies for Regional Development, 1992.

Saxenian, Annalee Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994.

Schumpeter, Joseph A., The Theory of Economic Development, (1934), New York: Oxford University Press, 1978.

Shapira, Philip, Modernizing Manufacturing: New Policies to Build Industrial Extension Services, Economic Policy Institute, M.E. Sharpe, Armonk, NY: 1990.

Shapira, Philip (editor), The R&D Workers: Managing Innovation in Britain, Germany, Japan, and the United States, Quorum Books, 1995.

Stoneman, Paul, The Economic Analysis of Technological Change, 1983.

Storper, Michael, and Richard Walker, The Capitalist Imperative: Territory, Technology, and Industrial Growth, Basil Blackwell, Oxford and New York: 1989.

Storper, Michael and Allen J. Scott, eds, Pathways to Industrialization and Regional Development, 1992.

Tatsuno, Sheridan, The Technopolis Strategy: Japan, High Technology, and the Control of the Twenty- First Century, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1986.

Tornatsky, Louis, Mitchell Fleisher, et. al., The Processes of Technological Innovation, 1990.

Womack, James P, Daniel T. Jones, and Daniel Roos, The Machine that Changed the World, New York, Rawson Associates, 1990. U.S.

Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Commercializing High Temperature Superconductivity, OTA-ITE-388, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC: 1988

U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Making Things Better: Competing in Manufacturing, OTA-ITE-443, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC: 1990.

U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Competing Economies: America, Europe, and the Pacific Rim, OTA-ITE-498, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC: 1991.

U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, After the Cold War: Living With Lower Defense Spending, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC: February 1992.

A. Introduction

• The Economist, The hitchiker's guide to cybernomics, September 28, 1996

Additional Resources

• Definitions of terms

B. Technology, Competitiveness and Challenges to Management

1. Technology and competitiveness: the international environment

• Technology and competitiveness: international environment N. Bruce Hannay, "Technology and Trade: A Study of U.S. Competiveness in Seven Industries," in Tushman and Moore, pp. 670-685.

Additional Resources

• Michal Dertouzos, Richard Lester, and Robert Solow, Made in America, MIT Commission on Industrial Productivity, Cambride, MIT Press, 1989, Chapter 2, The United States in the World Economy.
• OTA report, Making Things Better (Library reserve).
• The Economist, "Back on Top?", Survey of American Business, September 16, 1995
• Listen to the Joint Economic Committee's 1995 hearings on the Economy in the 21st Century (best heard in Real Audio format).

2. Basis of advantage in a global economy

• Stephen Cohen and John Zysman, Manufacturing Matters: The Myth of the Post-Industrial Economy, (a) "Linkages, Wealth, and Power," Ch. 2; (b) "Market Competition, Technological Development, and Trade," Ch. 7. [library reserve].
• Dorothy Zinberg, Putting People First: Education, Jobs, and Economic Competitiveness, in Branscombe, Chapter 8.

Additional Resources

• Robert Reich, The Work of Nations [Library Reserve]

C. Processes of Technological Innovation

1,2. Models of technological innovation and development I, II

• Maleki, Chapters 1 (skim), 3, and 4
• Tushman and Moore, Chapter 1, esp. Abernathy and Utterback, "Innovation over time and in historical context," pp. 25-36 and "Mapping the winds of creative destruction," pp. 55-78; Donald Marquis, "The anatomy of successful innovations," pp. 79-87.

D. Technological Innovation and Industrial Systems

1. Linking research with industry

• Harvey Brooks, "Research Universities and the Social Contract for Science," in Branscombe, Chapter 7
• Branscombe, Chapter 4, National Laboratories: The Search for New Missions and New Structures

Additional Resources

• Tushman and Moore, Chapter 5, Michael Tushman, Managing communication network in R&D laboratories, pp. 261-274.
• Web links

2. New high technology firms - the environment for entrepreneurial innovation

• Maleki, Chapter 5, 8
• Teece, David, "Profiting From Technological Innovation: Implications For Integration, Collaboration, Licensing and Public Policy," Tushman and Moore, pp. 621-646; see also: other articles in Chapter 9, esp. Modesto Maidique, "Entrepreneurs, champions, and technological innovation," pp. 565-584; Edward Roberts and Charles A. Berry, "Entering new businesses: selecting strategies for success," pp. 603-620.

Additional Resources

• Annalee Saxenian, "Lessons from Silicon Valley," Technology Review, July 1994, pp. 43-51.
• Florida and Kennedy, The Break-Through Illusion, Chap 1 "The Breakthrough Illusion," and Chap 2, "How We Lost the Follow-Through" (library reserve).

3. Innovation and new industrial structures - the environment for collaborative innovation

• Maleki, Chapter 6
• Frank Pyke, Industrial Development through Small Firm Cooperation, International Labor Organization, 1992, Chapter 1, "Some organization principles for a dynamic small-firm industrial sector," pp. 1-14 [ELECTRONIC RESERVE]
• Bennett Harrison, Lean and Mean, Chapter 1, "Big Firms, Small Firms, Network Firms," (library reserve)

Additional Resources

• Piore and Sable, The Second Industrial Divide (library reserve)

4. Comparative case: Japanese industry and technology strategies

• Tushman and Moore, Ken-ichi Imai, et. al., "Managing the new product development process: how Japanese companies learn and unlearn," pp. 533-561; Nina Hatvany and Vladimir Pucki, "Japanese management practices and productivity," pp. 519-532
• Daniel Okimoto, Between MITI and Market: Japanese Industrial Policy for High Technology, Stanford, CA: Sanford University Press, 1989 Chapter 3, MITI and Industrial Organization (Library reserve).
• Take a virtual tour of the Kanagawa Science Park.

Additional Resources

• Philip Shapira, "Modernizing Small Manufacturers in Japan: The Role of Local Public Technology Centers" Journal of Technology Transfer, Winter 1992, 17,1 pp: 40-57.

E. Technology Assessment

1. Different External Elements in Technology Management

• Readings TBA

2. Regulatory environment for technology management

• Readings TBA

3. Technology assessment, monitoring and forecasting.

• Alan Porter and Bob Watts, Innovation Forecasting, 1996. [ELECTRONIC RESERVE]
• Tushman and Moore, Chapter 4, Technology and Business Strategy (skim articles)

Additional Resources

• Alan L. Porter and Michael Detampel, "Technology Opportunities Analysis," Technological Forecasting and Social Change 49, 1995. [ELECTRONIC RESERVE]
• Office of Technology Assessment (1972-1995) - browse this web site for examples of technology assessments.

F. Technology Management and Public Policy

1. U.S. Technology Policy - National Framework

• Branscombe, Chapter 1, The National Technology Policy Debate
• Malicki, Chapter 7
• Tushman and Moore, Chapter 10, Richard Nelson and Richard Langlois, "Industrial innovation policy: Lessons from American history," pp. 661-669.

Additional Resources

• Carnegie Commission on Science, Technology, and Government. Science, Technology, and Government for a Changing World, 1993
• View the web site of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy

2. Innovation to deployment: new U.S. partnerships and international comparisons

• Philip Shapira and Stuart Rosenfeld, "An Overview of Technology Diffusion Policies and Programs to Enhance the Technological Absorptive Capabilities of Small and Medium Enterprises." Background paper prepared for the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry, Paris, 1996.

Additional Resources

• National Institute of Standards and Technology, Manufacturing Extension Partnership
• Georgia Tech Policy Project on Industrial Modernization

3. Financial Environment for Developing New Technology Ventures.

• View the web site of Alliance Technology Ventures

Additional Resources

• Florida and Kenney, Chapter 4, "Venture Capital and the Breakthrough Bias," (library reserve)
• Other readings TBA

Additional Readings and Electronic Reserves. Additional readings will be available through handouts in class and in the Georgia Tech library electronic reserve collection. The electronic reserve collection for this course can be accessed at http://www.library.gatech.edu/resv/pubp (You will need a Georgia Tech library login and password to access the electronic reserves).

World Wide Web Resources. Use will be made of various world wide web sites for class reading assignments, additional individual reading, and projects. An introductory listing of sites is available at http://www.prism.gatech.edu/~ps25/mot1/motwww.htm

Electronic Office Hours: For fastest response, students are encouraged to communicate by electronic mail, to: philip.shapira@pubpolicy.gatech.edu

Regular Office Hours: In Room 314, DM Smith Building Mondays and Wednesdays 1.00-2.00; 4.00-4.30. Students are also encouraged to schedule individual appointments at other times, as necessary.

Voice Mail: (404)-894-7735

Guest Lecturers:

• Cary Gravatt, U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute for Standards and Technology; Visiting Professor, Ivan Allen College, Georgia Tech
• Stephen Fleming, Alliance Technology Ventures, Atlanta
• Alan Porter, Professor, ISYE and Public Policy

Course Electronic Mailing Group: An electronic group mailing list (or "listserv") for this course has been established on the Georgia Tech computer system. The listserv will be used for group communications, reading reviews, and selected assignments. Students taking the course should subscribe immediately after the first class.

Subscribe to the list by sending the following message to listproc@list.gatech.edu

subscribe mot-1 <your name major>

e.g. subscribe mot-1 Chris Smith PubP MS

This request must be submitted by the end user in their mail account, not by another user.

Mail a message to the list, by sending email to mot-1@list.gatech.edu

Real Audio: Selected additional resources are available for you to listen to in Real Audio format. You will need a computer with an internet connection, a sound card and speakers. You will first need to download a Real Audio player (download Real Audio player Version 2.0, which is free, not Version 3.0).

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